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A Short History of Monks and Monasteries

Article Index
A Short History of Monks and Monasteries
Monasticism in the East
The Hermits of Egypt
The Pillar Saint
The Cenobites of the East
Monasticims in the West: Ante-Benedictine Monks 340-480 A.D.
Monasticism and Women
The Spread of Monasticism in Europe
Disorders and Oppositions
The Benedictines
The Rules of Benedict
The Struggle Against Barbarism
The Spread of the Benedictine Rule
Reformed and Military Orders
Military Religious Orders
The Mendicant Friars
Fransic Bernardone 1182-1226 A.D.
The Franciscan Orders
Dominic de Guzman
The Dominican Orders
The Success of the Mendicant Orders
The Decline of the Mendicants
The Society of Jesus
Ignatius of Egypt
Constitution and Polity
The Vow of Obedience
The Casuistry of the Jesuits
The Mission of the Jesuits
Retrospect
The Fall of the Monasteries
The Character of Henry VIII
Events Preceding the Suppression
The Monks of the Oath of Supremacy
The Royal Commissioners
The Report of the Commissioners
The Action of Parliament
The Effect of the Suppression Upon the People
Henry's Disposal of Monastic Revenues
Was the Suppression Justifiable?
Results of the Dissolution
Causes and Ideals of Monasticism
Causative Motives of Monasticism
Beliefs Affecting Causative Motives
Causes of Variations of Monasticism
The Fundamental Monastic Vows
The Effects of Monasticism
The Effects of Self-Sacrifies Upon the Individual
The Effects of Solitude Upon the Individual
The Monks as Missionaries
Monasticism and Civic Duties
The Agricultural Services of the Monks
The Monks and Secular Learning
The Charity of the Monks
Monasticism and Religion
Appendix

This book opens up the institution of monasticism as a big force in the medieval history. Reasons for the rise of monasticism are discussed, it's development over time, as well as examples of monastic practices outside of Christianity.

LIST OF PORTRAITS

SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI, DYING, is CONVEYED TO THE
CHURCH OF SAINTE MARIE DE PORTIUNCULE, . . . . facing title.

After the painting by J.J. Weerts. Originally published by
Goupil & Co. of Paris, and here reproduced by their permission.

[Jean Joseph Weerts was born at Roubaix (Nord), on May 1, 1847. He was a pupil of
Cabanel, Mils and Pils. He was awarded the second-class medal in 1875, was made
Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1884, received the silver medal at the Universal
Exposition of 1889, and was created an Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1897. He is a
member of the "Société des Artistes Français," and is hors concours.]

SAINT BERNARD

After an engraving by Ambroise Tardieu, from a painting on glass
in the Convent of the R.P. Minimes, at Rheims.

[Ambroise Tardieu was born in Paris, in 1790, and died in 1837. He was an engraver
of portraits, landscapes and architecture, and a clever manipulator of the burin. For a
time he held the position of "Geographical Engraver" to the Departments of Marine,
Fortifications and Forests. He was a member of the French Geographical and Mathematical
Societies.]--Nagler.

SAINT DOMINIC

From a photograph of Bozzani's painting, preserved in his cell at
Santa Sabina, Rome. Here reproduced from Augusta T. Drane's
[pg 12] "History of St. Dominic," by courtesy of the author and the publishers,
Longmans, Green & Co., of London and New York.

["Although several so-called portraits (of St. Dominic) are preserved, yet none of them
can be regarded as the vera effigies of the saint, though that preserved at Santa Sabina
probably presents us with a kind of traditionary likeness."]--History of St. Dominic.

[In the "History of St. Dominic," on page 226, the author credits the portrait shown
to "Bozzani." We are unable to find any record of a painter by that name. Nagler,
however, tells of a painter of portraits and historical subjects, Carlo Bozzoni by name,
who was born in 1607 and died in 1657. He was a son of Luciano Bozzoni, a Genoese
painter and engraver. He is said to have done good work, but no other mention is made
of him.]

IGNATIUS DE LOYOLA

After the engraving by Greatbach, "from a scarce print by H.
Wierz." Originally published by Richard Bentley, London, in 1842.

[W. Greatbach was a London engraver in the first half of the nineteenth century. He
worked chiefly for the "calendars" and "annuals" of his time, and did notable work
for the general book trade of the better class.]

[A search of the authorities does not reveal an engraver named "H. Wierz." This
is probably intended for Hieronymus Wierex (or Wierix, according to Bryant), a famous
engraver, born in 1552, and who is credited by Nagler, in his "Künstler-Lexikon,"
with having produced "a beautiful and rare plate" of "St. Ignaz von Loyola." The
error, if such it be, is easily explained by the fact that portrait engravers seldom cut the
lettering of a plate themselves, but have it engraved by others, who have a special aptitude
for making shapely letters.]





[pg 13]

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Many other authorities were consulted by the author, but only
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to the student are cited above.





[pg 17]



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